Nazarov, V. B., V. G. Avakyan, et al. Journal of Luminescence 219 (2020): 116909.
This case study examined the role of naphthalene-D8 as a triplet energy acceptor in achieving photosensitized ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) within a supramolecular host-guest system, demonstrating its utility in advanced photophysical applications.
Preparation: Dissolving naphthalene-D8 in water, adding βCD, and treating ultrasonically at 50°C for 1 hour. Adding tBA to the Nph-D8@βCD solution, re-treating ultrasonically, and aging 24+ hours at room temperature. Final supramolecular aggregate suspensions contained βCD (5×10-3 M), tBA (10-2 M), and naphthalene-D8 (10-4 M). Dissolved oxygen was removed via sodium sulfite (5 mg/mL).
Key Findings:
Naphthalene-D8 served as the acceptor (A) in a self-assembled complex with 4'-tert-butylacetophenone (tBA, donor/D) and two β-cyclodextrin (βCD) units (tBA·Nph-D8@2βCD). Triplet-triplet (T-T) energy transfer from tBA to naphthalene-D8 within the complex resulted in oxygen-resistant RTP lasting 4.7 seconds. Upon chemical oxygen removal (using sodium sulfite), the phosphorescence lifetime extended to 12.8 seconds. Quantum simulations confirmed efficient energy transfer was enabled by the close proximity (4.81 Å) of D and A within the βCD dimer cavity. Mono-exponential decay curves indicated structural uniformity of the emissive species.